Trigger Finger: When to Worry and How to Treat It
Trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) is a painful condition where a finger or thumb catches or locks in a bent position. It often snaps back straight with a sudden “pop,” much like a trigger being pulled and released.
What Causes It?
Tendons in your hand slide through protective tunnels called sheaths. If the sheath becomes irritated and swollen, the tendon gets pinched. Over time, the tendon develops a nodule (a small bump), making it even harder to glide through the tunnel, resulting in the catching sensation.
The Stages of Trigger Finger
- Early Stage: Pain and tenderness at the base of the finger, especially in the morning.
- Moderate Stage: A noticeable popping or catching sensation when bending or straightening the finger.
- Severe Stage: The finger locks in a bent position and you must use your other hand to manually pull it straight.
Conservative Treatments
If caught early, conservative measures are often highly effective:
- Rest and Splinting: Wearing a splint at night prevents you from curling your fingers while sleeping.
- Steroid Injections: A cortisone injection into the tendon sheath reduces swelling and resolves the triggering in over 50% of cases.
When to Consider Surgery (Trigger Finger Release)
If conservative treatments fail, or if your finger is permanently locked, microsurgery is the definitive solution.
- The Procedure: Under local anesthesia, the surgeon makes a tiny incision in the palm and cuts the constricted portion of the tendon sheath, allowing the tendon to glide freely again.
- Recovery: The surgery takes less than 15 minutes. Most patients experience immediate relief from the locking and can return to normal activities within a few weeks.
If you are experiencing painful catching or locking, consult our Extremity Microsurgery unit for a definitive treatment plan.